This study investigates the ontological relationship between divine action and cosmic causes within both physical and metaphysical frameworks. Adopting a descriptive-analytical methodology, it seeks to examine and critically analyze the explanatory models advanced by scientific and philosophical thought concerning this relationship. The study proceeds from the premise that many intellectual approaches have been shaped by an implicit assumption that divine action and natural causes belong to the same causal order. This assumption has frequently resulted either in diminishing the role of divine action or in denying the reality of the natural causal order altogether. In light of this, the study classifies the major positions into three principal theoretical models: The first is the causal closure of nature model, represented by both God-of-the-gaps theology and naturalistic deism. The second is the exclusive divine causality model, exemplified in the Ash'arite doctrine of divine custom
(al-'aadah al-ilahiyyah) and Malebranche's occasionalism. The third is the multi-level causation model, which affirms the genuine efficacy of natural causes while maintaining their continual ontological dependence upon the First Cause. The study argues that conceptions which place divine action alongside natural causes as coexisting causes within the same causal domain inevitably lead either to reducing divine action to a provisional explanatory mechanism invoked to fill the gaps in scientific knowledge, or to stripping the natural order of its authentic causal structure. By contrast, the model of two-tier causality provides a more coherent and philosophically robust metaphysical framework. It enables the relationship between God and the world to be understood as one of continuous ontological grounding and existential sustenance, such that natural causes operate within a genuine causal order while remaining perpetually dependent for their existence upon divine action, without ever attaining ontological independence from it.